Kaposi’s Sarcoma
What is Kaposi’s Sarcoma?
Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK) is a disease whose presence brings a diagnosis of AIDS. It's a cancer generally occurs on the skin, but it can easily expand to other areas. On the skin, this disease does not represent a serious problem on the physical level. However, once it has affected the individual’s internal organs, it can be fatal. There are different treatments for this disease.
As already mentioned Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK) is a cancer that mostly affects the patient’s skin. This disease appears in the form of lesions or spots that may look like bruises (blue). It can also be found on the level of mucosal tissues such as the mouth, as well as in the lymph nodes or internal organs such as the intestines, lungs or liver. The lesions may result from an overgrowth of blood vessels. Although this disease affects mostly men, it may also be present in women. An Italian study found that the women experience a more aggressive and more fatal form of this disorder than men.
Recent studies have attributed this disease to a virus called herpes HVSK (herpes virus of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK)) or HVH8 (human herpes virus 8). It has not yet clearly established the role of the virus in the onset of this disease. This disease is an angiogenic cancer that has several forms: Mediterranean, African, HIV-associated, and secondary to a preexisting immuno-depressive state (hematological disorder, corticosteroid therapy, and immuno-depressive treatment). Whatever its form, this disease is probably associated with a chronic human herpes virus type 8 (HHV8). However, human herpes virus type 8 does not seem to be an etiological factor of multiple myelomain view of the rarity of the association Kaposi-myeloma and epidemiological arguments.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma Symptoms
The skin lesions of Kaposi’s Sarcoma appear in different colors, from pink or red to violet in people to have pale, and dark brown or black in people with dark complexions. The lesions can be raised or flat, they are often painless and do not cause itching. They may resemble bruises, but, unlike a bruise, they do not blanch when putting pressure on it. At first, these injuries are often small and do not pose any problems from their appearance. Some injuries caused by Kaposi’s Sarcoma doesn't change muchfrom one month to another, while others spread, become elevated or denting.
The Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK) within the organism most often affects the individual’s the lungs and intestines. In the lungs, the growth of new blood vessels can block the airway and result in an accumulation of fluid, causing coughing and difficulty in breathing. In terms of the stomach or intestines, this disease can cause pain and bleeding. Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK) lesions can appear anywhere on the body and may resemble bruises or any other skin lesion. Only a biopsy of the skin may confirm the diagnosis.
A biopsy consists in the removal of a small piece of tissue that is then examined under a microscope. The use of bronchoscopy or endoscopy can be useful in diagnosing this disease at the internal organs. A thin tube with an optical device allowing the doctor to examine the bodies can be inserted into the esophagus, stomach and small intestine, in the rectum and colon (endoscopy), or trachea and the lungs (bronchoscopy). These devices (endoscope and bronchoscope) allow the doctor to take samples of tissue that are subsequently subjected to analyses biopsy.
Kaposi’s Sarcoma Treatment
There is a wide variety of Kaposi’s Sarcoma treatments, including chemotherapy (drugs), radiotherapy and surgery. Recently, it was reported that the drugs used to control HIV could also help control the Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK). In addition to their ability to control HIV, the associations of three anti-HIV medicines have shown themselves to be able to shrink, fade and flatten the disease’s lesions.
The type of treatment offered to a particular individual may depend on the location, size and extent of lesions. Small lesions or those that can be concealed by clothing can be left without treatment. Some people choose to conceal injuries on the face and hands with beauty products. A small number of skin lesions or those on the oral mucosa can be handled locally by injecting cancer drugs (chemotherapy), the application of liquid nitrogen (cryotherapy) or radiation (radiotherapy). The Panretin acid (9-cis-retinoic) is a jelly form of retinoic acid, a derivative from vitamin A. It has recently been approved in the United States for the treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK). It is used in chemotherapy to treat injuries or extensive KS KS-level internal organs.
To do this, it is prescribed, in many cases, in associations with anticancer drugs such as Vinblastine, Bleomycin, Vincristine, Etoposide and Doxorubicin. Other medicines can be used for the treatment of this disease. They are chemotherapy drugs that are coated with microscopic bubbles of fat (liposomes). Medications of this type may trigger side effects of less importance. They are sometimes able to reach cancer cells more effectively than standard drugs. Liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx) and liposomal daunorubicin (DaunoXome) are both available in Canada. However, these two drugs are much more expensive than standard drugs. The Paclitaxel (Taxol), an anticancer medicine, was approved in the United States for the treatment of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK), when other types of chemotherapy have failed. The foscarnet, a drug anti-CMV was used in a very small number of people to treat Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK).
Swedish researchers reported that they administered intravenous foscarnet five patients with this disease at the rate of 180 mg per kg of body weight (mg / kg) per day for ten days. Three patients have entered into long-term remission phase, including one for twelve months and the other two for at least 13 to 20 months, respectively. The chemotherapy drugs can lead to many side effects, including damage to the bone marrow. The bone marrow produces white blood cells that help fight infection. Damage to the bone marrow has the effect of weakening the immune system and may, in some people, involve a risk of developing an opportunistic infection. Other side effects, such as hair loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and fever, can have a negative impact on the quality of life during treatment for Kaposi’s Sarcoma (SK).
More info about Kaposi’s Sarcoma
As always the internet is your best friend, or at least the most convenient friend, to do research on any subject, which is also true for learning more about Kaposi’s Sarcoma. Of course you should always discuss your condition with your personal health care provider before entering any treatment regimen but for general knowledge we suggest some targeted online searches. Also don't miss out on joining active discussion forums where this condition is being talked about. If you prefer to simply read a book for in depth info the following should provide a good starting point:
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